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Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation. The Persian physician Ibn Sina was first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation.[1] Attar can also be expressed by chemical means but generally natural perfumes which qualify as attars are distilled with water. The oils are generally distilled into a wood base such as sandalwood and then aged. The aging period can last from one to ten years depending on the botanicals used and the results desired. Technically attars are distillates of flowers, herbs, spices and other natural materials such as baked soil over sandalwood oil/liquid paraffins using hydrodistillation technique involving a still (deg) and receiving vessel (bhapka). These techniques are still in use today at Kannauj in India. Attars are generally classified based on their perceived effect on the body. 'Warm' attars, such as musk, amber and kesar (saffron), are used in winter, as they are believed to increase body temperature. Likewise, 'cool' attars, such as rose, jasmine, khus, kewda and mogra, are used in summers for their perceived cooling effect on the body. Although attars are mostly used as a perfume, they are also used for medicinal and aphrodisiacal purposes. Attars https://www.wix.app/stores/64fb8708-6d25-4ff5-8768-c0fa43b08686/catalog/b92cab0e-a3b8-e954-66dc-7513fafbad62?d=https://www.blackplanetproducts.com/product-page/indian-attars

The word incense comes from Latin incendere meaning 'to burn'. Egyptian incense burner, 7th century BC Combustible bouquets were used by the ancient Egyptians, who employed incense in both pragmatic and mystical capacities. Incense was burnt to counteract or obscure malodorous products of human habitation, but was widely perceived to also deter malevolent demons and appease the gods with its pleasant aroma.[3] Resin balls were found in many prehistoric Egyptian tombs in El Mahasna, giving evidence for the prominence of incense and related compounds in Egyptian antiquity.[8] One of the oldest extant incense burners originates from the 5th dynasty.[8] The Temple of Deir-el-Bahari in Egypt contains a series of carvings that depict an expedition for incense.[9] The Babylonians used incense while offering prayers to divine[10] oracles.[11] Incense spread from there to Greece and Rome. Incense burners have been found in the Indus Civilization (3300–1300 BCE).[12] Evidence suggests oils were used mainly for their aroma. This was the first usage of subterranean plant parts in incense.[13]

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